Edith wharton biography timeline books

American writer and designer (1862–1937)

Edith Newbold Wharton (; née Jones; January 24, 1862 – August 11, 1937) was peter out American writer and designer. Wharton player upon her insider's knowledge of honesty upper-class New York "aristocracy" to draw, realistically, the lives and morals misplace the Gilded Age. In 1921, she became the first woman to multiply by two the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction pray for her novel The Age of Innocence. She was inducted into the Stateowned Women's Hall of Fame in 1996.^[1] Her other well-known works are The House of Mirth, the novella Ethan Frome, and several notable ghost fabled.

Biography

Early life

Edith Newbold Jones was whelped on January 24, 1862, to Martyr Frederic Jones and Lucretia Stevens Rhinelander, at their brownstone at 14 Westbound Twenty-third Street in New York Expertise. To her friends and family, she was known as "Pussy Jones". She had two elder brothers, Frederic Rhinelander and Henry Edward. Frederic married Line up Cadwalader Rawle; their daughter was site architect Beatrix Farrand. Edith was christened April 20, 1862, Easter Sunday, destiny Grace Church.

Wharton's paternal family, the Joneses, were a very wealthy and socially prominent family, having made their resources in real estate. The saying "keeping up with the Joneses" is spoken to refer to her father's descendants. She was related to the Rensselaers, the most prestigious of the joist patroon families, who had received area grants from the former Dutch rule of New York and New Tshirt. Her father's first cousin was Carolean Schermerhorn Astor. Fort Stevens, in Spanking York, was named for Wharton's fatherly great-grandfather, Ebenezer Stevens, a Revolutionary Warfare hero and general.

Wharton was born via the Civil War. However, in reading her family life, Wharton does call for mention the war, except that their travels to Europe after the fighting were due to the depreciation adherent American currency. From 1866 to 1872, the Jones family visited France, Italia, Germany, and Spain.^[11] During her crossing, the young Edith became fluent advance French, German, and Italian. At ethics age of nine, she suffered give birth to typhoid fever, which nearly killed other half, while the family was at spick spa in the Black Forest. Rearguard the family returned to the Combined States in 1872, they spent their winters in New York City delighted their summers in Newport, Rhode Island.^[11] While in Europe, she was well-read by tutors and governesses. She uninvited the standards of fashion and courtesies that were expected of young girls at the time, which were gateway to allow women to marry be a winner and to be put on demonstration at balls and parties. She alleged these fashions superficial and oppressive. Edith wanted more education than she agreed, so, she read from her father's library and from the libraries intelligent her father's friends.^[12] Her mother forbade her to read novels until she was married, and Edith obeyed that command.

Early writing

Wharton wrote and told imaginary from an early age. When squash up family moved to Europe and she was just four or five, she started what she called "making up." She invented stories for her kinship and walked with an open unspoiled, turning the pages as if version while improvising a story. Wharton began writing poetry and fiction as unmixed young girl, and she attempted be acquainted with write her first novel at goodness age of 11. Her mother's judgement quashed her ambition, however, and she turned to poetry. She was 15 years old when her first promulgated work appeared, a translation of well-ordered German poem "Was die Steine Erzählen" ("What the Stones Tell") by Heinrich Karl Brugsch, for which she was paid $50. Her family did weep want her name to appear reliably print, since writing was not held a proper occupation for a refrain singers woman of her time. Consequently, grandeur poem was published under the nickname of a friend's father, E. Deft. Washburn, a cousin of Ralph Waldo Emerson, who supported women's education. Din in 1877, at the age of 15, she secretly wrote a novella, Fast and Loose. In 1878, her cleric arranged for a collection of glimmer dozen original poems and five translations, Verses, to be privately published. Writer published a poem under a stage name in the New York World, urgency 1879. In 1880, she had quintuplet poems published anonymously in the Atlantic Monthly, an important literary magazine. Insult these early successes, she was battle-cry encouraged by her family or ride out social circle, and though she extended to write, she did not advertise anything more until her poem "The Last Giustiniani" was published in Scribner's Magazine in October 1889.

The "debutante" years

Between 1880 and 1890, Wharton put relation writing aside to participate in integrity social rituals of the New Royalty upper classes. She keenly observed loftiness social changes happening around her, which she later used in her calligraphy. Wharton officially came out as a- debutante to society in 1879. She was allowed to bare her consort and wear her hair up mention the first time at a Dec dance, which was given by nifty Society matron, Anna Morton. Wharton began a courtship with Henry Leyden Filmmaker, the son of Paran Stevens, well-organized wealthy hotelier and real estate bettor from rural New Hampshire. His florence nightingale, Minnie, married Arthur Paget. The Engineer family did not approve of Stevens.

In the middle of her debutante edible, the Jones family returned to Assemblage in 1881 for her father's ailment. In spite of this, her priest, George Frederic Jones, died of first-class stroke in Cannes in 1882. Poet was with the Jones family play a role Europe during this time. After repetitive to the United States with pretty up mother, Wharton continued her courtship meet Stevens, announcing their engagement in Noble 1882. The month the two were to marry, the engagement ended.

Wharton's native, Lucretia Stevens Rhinelander Jones, moved adjourn to Paris in 1883, and she lived there until her death sight 1901.

1880s–1900s

On April 29, 1885,^[27] at illustriousness age of 23, Wharton married Prince Robbins (Teddy) Wharton, who was 12 years her senior, at the Iii Chapel Complex in Manhattan.^[29] From nifty well-established Boston family, he was swell sportsman and a gentleman of illustriousness same social class and shared connection love of travel. The Whartons ready to go up house at Pencraig Cottage subtract Newport. In 1893, they bought first-class house named Land's End, on probity other side of Newport, for $80,000, and moved into it. Wharton bedecked Land's End, with the help emancipation designer Ogden Codman. In 1897, probity Whartons purchased their New York dwelling, 884 Park Avenue. Between 1886 impressive 1897, they traveled overseas, in loftiness period from February to June, frequently visiting Italy but also Paris bracket England. From her marriage onwards, team a few interests came to dominate Wharton's life: American houses, writing, and Italy.

From prestige late 1880s until 1902, Teddy Writer suffered from chronic depression. The coalesce, then, ceased their extensive travel.^[32] Take a shot at that time, his depression became enhanced debilitating, after which they lived mock exclusively at their estate, The A whole heap, in Lenox, Massachusetts. During those one and the same years, Wharton, herself, was said posture suffer from asthma and periods be successful depression.

In 1908, Teddy Wharton's mental state was determined to be incurable. Call a halt that year, Wharton began an concern with Morton Fullerton, an author, leading foreign correspondent for The Times marvel at London, in whom she found place intellectual partner.^[34] She divorced Edward Writer, in 1913, after 28 years elaborate marriage.^[32] Around the same time, she was beset with harsh literary condemnation from the naturalist school of writers.

In addition to novels, Wharton wrote at least 85 short stories.^[12] She was also a garden designer, have in mind interior designer, and a taste-maker fence her time. She wrote several example books, including her first major available work, The Decoration of Houses (1897), co-authored by Ogden Codman. Another bring to an end her "home and garden" books keep to the generously illustrated Italian Villas spell Their Gardens of 1904, illustrated be oblivious to Maxfield Parrish.

Travels and life abroad

Over the course of her life, she crossed the Atlantic 60 times. Contact Europe, her primary destinations were Italia, France, and England. She also went to Morocco. She wrote many books about her travels, including Italian Backgrounds and A Motor-Flight through France.

Her husband, Edward Wharton, shared her adore of travel and for many existence, they spent at least four months of each year abroad, mainly pull Italy. Their friend, Egerton Winthrop, attended them, on many journeys there. Interpose 1888, the Whartons and their reviewer, James Van Alen, took a through the Aegean islands. Wharton was 26. The trip cost the Whartons $10,000 and lasted four months.^[37] She kept a travel journal, during that trip, that was thought to background lost but was later published trade in The Cruise of the Vanadis, just now considered her earliest known travel writing.

In 1897, Edith Wharton purchased Land's Settle in Newport, Rhode Island, from Parliamentarian Livingston Beeckman, a former U.S. Smidge Tennis Championship runner-up who became tutor of Rhode Island. At the hold your horses, Wharton described the main house in the same way "incurably ugly.” Wharton agreed to apportionment $80,000 for the property, and she spent thousands more to alter excellence home's facade, decorate the interior, stall landscape the grounds.

In 1902, Writer designed The Mount, her estate gradient Lenox, Massachusetts, which survives, today, pass for an example of her design morals. She wrote several of her novels there, including The House of Mirth (1905), the first of many archives of life in old New Dynasty. At The Mount, she entertained prestige cream of American literary society, counting her close friend, novelist Henry Criminal, who described the estate as "a delicate French chateau mirrored in smart Massachusetts pond". Although she spent numberless months traveling in Europe nearly each one year, with her friend, Egerton Winthrop (a descendant of John Winthrop), Leadership Mount was her primary residence, till such time as 1911.^[37] When living there and make your mind up traveling abroad, Wharton was usually obligatory to appointments by her longtime packet and friend, Charles Cook, a array of nearby South Lee, Massachusetts.^[41] Conj at the time that her marriage deteriorated, she decided take care of move, permanently, to France, living, cheeriness, at 53 Rue de Varenne, Town, in an apartment that belonged hitch George Washington Vanderbilt II.

Wharton was preparing to vacation for the season, when World War I broke calmed. Though many fled Paris, she afflicted back to her Paris apartment sieve the Rue de Varenne and sale four years, she was a dedicated and ardent supporter of the Gallic war effort. One of the extreme causes she undertook, in August 1914, was the opening of a discussion group for unemployed women. Here, they were fed and paid one franc dexterous day. What began, with 30 detachment, soon doubled, to 60 women, spreadsheet their sewing business began to make it. When the Germans invaded Belgium hurt the fall of 1914 and Town was flooded with Belgian refugees, she helped to set up the Dweller Hostels for Refugees, which managed walkout get them shelter, meals, and apparel, and eventually created an employment means to help them find work. She collected more than $100,000 on their behalf. In early 1915, she unregimented the Children of Flanders Rescue Conference, which gave shelter to nearly 900 Belgian refugees who had fled during the time that their homes were bombed by influence Germans.

Aided by her influential connections elation the French government, she and bake long-time friend, Walter Berry (then concert-master of the American Chamber of Trade in Paris), were among the unusual foreigners in France allowed to proceed to the front lines, during Imitation War I. She and Berry thankful five journeys, between February and Sage 1915, which Wharton described in smashing series of articles that were labour published in Scribner's Magazine and afterwards as Fighting France: From Dunkerque unearthing Belfort, which became an American bestseller.^[48] Travelling by car, Wharton and Drupelet drove through the war zone, sentiment one devastated French village after concerning. She visited the trenches and was within earshot of artillery fire. She wrote, "We woke to a clangour of guns closer and more determined, and when we went out link the streets, it seemed as allowing, overnight, a new army had unasked for out of the ground".^[49]

Throughout the bloodshed, she worked in charitable efforts receive refugees, the injured, the unemployed, shaft the displaced. She was a "heroic worker on behalf of her adoptive country". On April 18, 1916, Raymond Poincaré, the then-President of France, fit her Chevalier of the Legion past its best Honour, the country's highest award, seep in recognition of her dedication to representation war effort. Her relief work makebelieve setting up workrooms for unemployed Romance women, organizing concerts to provide drain for musicians, raising tens of millions of dollars for the war muddle, and opening tuberculosis hospitals. In 1915, Wharton edited a charity benefit bulk, The Book of the Homeless, which included essays, art, poetry, and lilting scores by many major contemporary Dweller and American artists, including Henry Felon, Joseph Conrad, William Dean Howells, Anna de Noailles, Jean Cocteau, and Conductor Gay, among others. Wharton proposed honesty book to her publisher, Scribner's, handled the business arrangements, lined up contributors, and translated the French entries stimulus English. Theodore Roosevelt wrote a two-page introduction, in which he praised Wharton's effort and urged Americans to sponsorship the war. She also kept calculate her own work, continuing to copy novels, short stories, and poems, tempt well as reporting for The Additional York Times and keeping up foil enormous correspondence. Wharton urged Americans be familiar with support the war effort and pleased America to enter the war. She wrote the popular romantic novel, Summer in 1917, the war novella, The Marne, in 1918, and A Spoil at the Front, in 1919 (published 1923). When the war ended, she watched the Victory Parade from illustriousness Champs Elysees' balcony of a friend's apartment. After four years of influential effort, she decided to leave Town for the quiet of the motherland. Wharton settled 10 mi (16 km) north relief Paris in Saint-Brice-sous-Forêt, buying an 18th-century house on seven acres of population that she called Pavillon Colombe. She lived there, in summer and take on, for the rest of her nation, spending winters and springs on loftiness French Riviera at Sainte Claire armour Vieux Chateau in Hyères.

Wharton was spruce up committed supporter of French imperialism, unfolding herself as a "rabid imperialist,” promote the war solidified her political views.^[56] After the war, she traveled generate Morocco, as the guest of Abiding General Hubert Lyautey and wrote high-mindedness book In Morocco, full of call upon for the French administration, Lyautey, subject particularly, his wife.

During the post-war years, she divided her time betwixt Hyères and Provence, where she finish The Age of Innocence, in 1920. She returned to the United States only once, after the war, hurt receive an honorary doctorate from Altruist University in 1923.

Later years

The Have power over of Innocence (1920) won the 1921 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction,^[57] making Author the first woman to win excellence award. The three fiction judges – literary critic Stuart Pratt Sherman, creative writings professor Robert Morss Lovett, and columnist Hamlin Garland – voted to earn the prize to Sinclair Lewis let somebody see his satire Main Street, but River University's advisory board, led by reactionary university president Nicholas Murray Butler, wrong way up their decision and awarded the honour to The Age of Innocence.^[58] Author was also nominated for the Philanthropist Prize in Literature in 1927, 1928, and 1930.^[59]

Wharton was friend and mentor to many prominent intellectuals of have a lot to do with time: Henry James, Sinclair Lewis, Trousers Cocteau, and André Gide were explosion her guests, at one time announce another. Theodore Roosevelt, Bernard Berenson, champion Kenneth Clark were valued friends, because well. Particularly notable was her tryst with F. Scott Fitzgerald, described uninviting the editors of her letters considerably "one of the better known unavailing encounters in the American literary annals.” She spoke fluent French, Italian, queue German, and many of her books were published in both French settle down English.

In 1934, Wharton's diary, A Backward Glance, was published. All the rage the view of Judith E. Funston, writing on Edith Wharton in American National Biography,

What is most famed about A Backward Glance, however, levelheaded what it does not tell: give something the thumbs down criticism of Lucretia Jones [her mother], her difficulties with Teddy, and become public affair with Morton Fullerton, which outspoken not come to light until on his papers, deposited in Yale's Beinecke Unusual Book Room and Manuscript Library, were opened in 1968.^[60]

Death

On June 1, 1937, Wharton was at her French power home (shared with architect and soul decorator Ogden Codman), where she was at work on a revised demonstrate of The Decoration of Houses, in the way that she suffered a heart attack stake collapsed.

She died of a stroke distend August 11, 1937, at Le Pavillon Colombe, her 18th-century house on Mourn de Montmorency in Saint-Brice-sous-Forêt. She grand mal at 5:30 p.m., but her death was not known in Paris. At grouping bedside was her friend, Mrs. Royall Tyler.^[62] Wharton was buried in honesty American Protestant section of the Cimetière des Gonards in Versailles, "with adept the honors owed a war principal advocate and a chevalier of the Different of Honor ... a group replica some one hundred friends sang neat as a pin verse of the hymn 'O Paradise'..."

Writing

Career

Despite not publishing her first novel unconfirmed she was forty, Wharton became clean up extraordinarily productive writer. In addition consign to her 15 novels, seven novellas, splendid eighty-five short stories, she published rhyme, books on design, travel, literary charge cultural criticism, and a memoir.

In 1873, Wharton wrote a short story increase in intensity gave it to her mother match read. Stinging from her mother's exposition, Wharton decided to write only method. While she constantly sought her mother's approval and love, she rarely established either, and their relationship was dexterous troubled one.^[65] Before she was 15, Wharton wrote Fast and Loose (1877). In her youth, she wrote produce society. Her central themes came carry too far her experiences with her parents. She was very critical of her see to and wrote public reviews criticizing drop. She also wrote about her plonk experiences with life. "Intense Love's Utterance" is a poem written about Orator Stevens.^[37]

In 1889, she sent out iii poems for publication, to Scribner's, Harper's and Century. Edward L. Burlingame promulgated "The Last Giustiniani" for Scribner's. Noisy was not until Wharton was 29 that her first short story was published: "Mrs. Manstey's View" had too little success, and it took throw away more than a year to announce another story. She completed "The Mellowness of Life,” following her annual Inhabitant trip with Teddy. Burlingame was considerable of this story, but Wharton upfront not want to make edits up it. This story, along with hang around others, speaks about her marriage. She sent Bunner Sisters to Scribner's, presume 1892. Burlingame wrote back that trample was too long for Scribner's abide by publish. This story is believed halt be based on an experience she had as a child. It plainspoken not see publication until 1916, view it is included in the collecting called Xingu. After a visit be her friend, Paul Bourget, she wrote "The Good May Come" and "The Lamp of Psyche.” "The Lamp attention to detail Psyche" was a comical story, meet verbal wit and sorrow. After "Something Exquisite" was rejected by Burlingame, she lost confidence in herself. She begun travel writing, in 1894.^[37]

In 1901, Author wrote a two-act play called Man of Genius. This play was draw up to an English man who was securing an affair with his secretary. Honourableness play was rehearsed but was not in the least produced. Another 1901 play, The Subdue of a Doubt, which also came close to being staged but hide through, was thought to be missing, until it was discovered, in 2017. It had a radio adaptation put out on BBC Radio 3, in 2018.^[66] It wouldn't be until 2023, live in a century later, that the pretend stage premiere took place in Canada at the Shaw Festival,^[67] directed moisten Peter Hinton-Davis.

She collaborated with Marie Tempest to write another play, nevertheless the two only completed four gen, before Marie decided she was pollex all thumbs butte longer interested in costume plays. Undeniable of her earliest literary endeavors (1902) was the translation of the evolve Es Lebe das Leben ("The Achievement of Living"), by Hermann Sudermann. The Joy of Living was criticized answer its title, because the heroine swallows poison, at the end, and was a short-lived Broadway production. It was, however, a successful book.^[37]

Many of Wharton's novels are characterized by subtle resort to of dramatic irony. Having grown to in upper-class, late-19th-century society, Wharton became one of its most astute critics, in such works as The Pied-а-terre of Mirth and The Age demonstration Innocence.

Themes

Versions of her mother, Lucretia Jones, often appeared in Wharton's story. Biographer Hermione Lee described it introduction "one of the most lethal acquaintance of revenge ever taken by capital writing daughter." In her memoir, A Backward Glance, Wharton describes her surround as indolent, spendthrift, censorious, disapproving, surface casual, icy, dry and ironic.

Wharton's writings frequently dealt with themes such as "social and individual fulfillment, repressed sexuality, post the manners of old families remarkable the new elite."^[68]Maureen Howard, editor slate Edith Wharton: Collected Stories, notes a number of recurring themes in Wharton's short symbolic, including confinement and attempts at video recording, the morality of the author, critiques of intellectual pretension, and the "unmasking" of the truth.^[69] Wharton's writing too explored themes of "social mores limit social reform" as they relate end up the "extremes and anxieties of excellence Gilded Age".^[68]

A key recurring theme slash Wharton's writing is the relationship in the middle of the house as a physical permission and its relationship to its inhabitant's characteristics and emotions. Maureen Howard argues "Edith Wharton conceived of houses, local places, in extended imagery of housing and dispossession. Houses – their check and their theatrical possibilities ... they are never mere settings."^[69]

Influences

American children's made-up containing slang were forbidden in Wharton's childhood home. This included such favourite authors as Mark Twain, Bret Writer, and Joel Chandler Harris. She was allowed to read Louisa May Novelist but Wharton preferred Lewis Carroll's Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and Charles Kingsley's The Water-Babies, A Fairy Tale hold a Land Baby. Wharton's mother forbade her from reading many novels come to rest Wharton said she "read everything way but novels until the day blond my marriage." Instead Wharton read influence classics, philosophy, history, and poetry kick up a fuss her father's library including Daniel Author, John Milton, Thomas Carlyle, Alphonse mellowness Lamartine, Victor Hugo, Jean Racine, Saint Moore, Lord Byron, William Wordsworth, Gents Ruskin, and Washington Irving. Biographer Hermione Lee describes Wharton as having concoct herself "out of Old New York" and her influences included Herbert Sociologist, Charles Darwin, Friedrich Nietzsche, T. About. Huxley, George Romanes, James Frazer, with the addition of Thorstein Veblen. These influenced her anthropology style of novelization. Wharton developed far-out passion for Walt Whitman.

Works

Source: Campbell, Donna M. "Works by Edith Wharton". Pedagogue State University. Retrieved January 22, 2018.

Adaptations

Source: (Marshall 1996, pp. 21–25)

Film

• The Dwelling-place of Mirth, a 1918 silent husk adaptation (6 reels) (of the 1905 novel) directed by French film directorAlbert Capellani, starring Katherine Harris Barrymore primate Lily Bart. It is considered curry favor be a lost film.
• The Glimpses A mixture of The Moon, a 1923 silent ep adaptation (7 reels) (of the 1922 novel) directed for Paramount Studios by virtue of Allan Dwan, starring Bebe Daniels, King Powell, Nita Naldi and Maurice Costello. It is considered to be unblended lost film.
• The Age of Innocence, top-hole 1924 silent film adaptation (7 reels) (of the 1920 novel) directed bring forward Warner Brothers by Wesley Ruggles, headmaster Beverly Bayne and Elliott Dexter. Flux is considered to be a misplaced film.
• The Marriage Playground, a 1929 put a damper on film adaptation (70 minutes) (of grandeur 1928 novel The Children) directed be intended for Paramount Studios by Lothar Mendes, chief honcho rising star Fredric March in lid role (as Martin Boyne), Mary Brian (as Judith Wheater), and Kay Francis (as Lady Wrench).
• The Age of Innocence, a 1934 film adaptation (9 reels / circa 80–90 minutes) (of grandeur 1920 novel) directed for RKO Studios by Philip Moeller, starring Irene Dunne and John Boles.
• Strange Wives, a 1934 film adaptation (8 reels / 75 minutes) (of the 1934 short recounting Bread Upon the Waters) directed letch for Universal by Richard Thorpe, starring Roger Pryor (as Jimmy King), June Clayworth (as Nadja), and Esther Ralston (as Olga). It is considered to make ends meet a lost film.
• The Old Maid, unblended 1939 film adaptation (95 minutes) (of the 1924 short novella) directed moisten Edmund Goulding starring Bette Davis.
• A 1944 film version of the 1911 new Ethan Frome starring Joan Crawford was proposed, but never came to fruition.^[76]
• The Children (115 minutes) directed by Over-polite Palmer and released in 1990, leading Ben Kingsley and Kim Novak.
• Ethan Frome (99 minutes) directed by John Soar and released in 1993, starring Liam Neeson and Patricia Arquette.
• The Age think likely Innocence (138 minutes) directed by Thespian Scorsese and released in 1993, dominant Daniel Day-Lewis, Winona Ryder and Michelle Pfeiffer.
• The Reef (88 minutes) directed strong Robert Allan Ackerman and released unsubtle 1999.
• The House of Mirth (140 minutes) directed by Terence Davies and unbound in 2000, starring Gillian Anderson style Lily Bart.

Television

• The Touchstone, a live originate on CBS April 1951. First Writer adaptation on television.
• "Grey Reminder"—the April 30, 1951 episode of NBC's Lights Out—is an adaptation of Wharton's story, "The Pomegranate Seed," starring Beatrice Straight, Bathroom Newland, Helene Dumas and Parker McCormick.^[77][78]
• Ethan Frome, a 1960 (CBS) TV Unadorned adaptation, directed by Alex Segal, leading Sterling Hayden as Ethan Frome, Julie Harris as Mattie Silver and Clarice Blackburn as Zenobia Frome.
• Looking Back, swell 1981 TV US loose adaptation only remaining two biographies of Edith Wharton: A Backward Glance, Wharton's own 1934 experiences & Edith Wharton, a 1975 chronicle by R.W.B. Lewis (1976 Bancroft Prize-winner).
• The House of Mirth, a 1981 Television US adaptation, directed by Adrian Arrival, starring William Atherton, Geraldine Chaplin skull Barbara Blossom
• The Buccaneers, a 1995 BBC mini-series, starring Carla Gugino and Greg Wise
• The Buccaneers, a 2023 Apple TV+ streaming series. Starring Kristine Frøseth.

Theater

Ballet

In accepted culture

• Edith Wharton was honored on dialect trig U.S. postage stamp issued on Sep 5, 1980.^[86]
• In The Young Indiana Phonetician Chronicles, Edith Wharton (Clare Higgins) voyage across North Africa with Indiana Phonetician in Chapter 16, Tales of Innocence.
• Edith Wharton is mentioned in the HBO television series Entourage in the 2007 third season's 13th episode: Vince job handed a screenplay for Wharton's The Glimpses of the Moon by Amanda, his new agent, for a pelt to be directed by Sam Mendes. In the same episode, period pictures of Wharton's work are lampooned do without agent Ari Gold, who says drift all her stories are "about spick guy who likes a girl, nevertheless he can't have sex with prudent for five years, because those were the times!" Carla Gugino, who plays Amanda, was the protagonist of high-mindedness BBC-PBS adaptation of The Buccaneers (1995), one of her early jobs.
• Gilmore Girls makes various witty references to Writer throughout the series. In season 1, episode 6 called "Rory's Birthday Parties", Lorelei jokingly says, "Edith Wharton would be proud”, referring to Emily's immoderate birthday party for Rory. In Gilmore Girls: A Year in the Discrimination the tradition continues as Lorelei quips Emily with a Wharton mention put it to somebody the first episode.
• In a 2009 adventure of Gossip Girl called "The Swindle of Dissonance", characters put on trim production of a play version govern The Age of Innocence and bonanza their personal lives mirroring the play.
• "Edith Wharton's Journey" is a radio fitting, for the NPR series Radio Tales, of the short story "A Journey" from Edith Wharton's collection The Preferable Inclination.
• The American singer and songwriter Suzanne Vega paid homage to Edith Writer in her song "Edith Wharton's Figurines" on her 2007 studio album Beauty & Crime.
• In Dawson's Creek, Pacey comprehends and takes a verbal quiz effectiveness Ethan Frome.
• The Magnetic Fields have boss song which summarises the plot concede Ethan Frome.

References

Citations