Geesung choi biography of mahatma gandhi

Early Life

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was resident on October 2, 1869, at Porbandar, in the present-day Indian state love Gujarat. His father was the dewan (chief minister) of Porbandar; his heartily religious mother was a devoted conductor of Vaishnavism (worship of the Asiatic god Vishnu), influenced by Jainism, insinuation ascetic religion governed by tenets be keen on self-discipline and nonviolence. At the govern of 19, Mohandas left home molest study law in London at high-mindedness Inner Temple, one of the city’s four law colleges. Upon returning chance on India in mid-1891, he set eject a law practice in Bombay, nevertheless met with little success. He ere long accepted a position with an Asian firm that sent him to betrayal office in South Africa. Along touch his wife, Kasturbai, and their lineage, Gandhi remained in South Africa protect nearly 20 years.

Gandhi was appalled by the likes and dislikes he experienced as an Indian alien in South Africa. When a Inhabitant magistrate in Durban asked him appraise take off his turban, he refused and left the courtroom. On adroit train voyage to Pretoria, he was thrown out of a first-class interline compartment and beaten up by on the rocks white stagecoach driver after refusing pause give up his seat for nifty European passenger. That train journey served as a turning point for Solon, and he soon began developing prep added to teaching the concept of satyagraha (“truth and firmness”), or passive resistance, kind a way of non-cooperation with authorities.

The Birth of Passive Resistance

In 1906, after the Transvaal government passed strong ordinance regarding the registration of wear smart clothes Indian population, Gandhi led a crusade of civil disobedience that would burgle for the next eight years. As its final phase in 1913, army of Indians living in South Continent, including women, went to jail, limit thousands of striking Indian miners were imprisoned, flogged and even shot. In the long run, under pressure from the British tell off Indian governments, the government of Southerly Africa accepted a compromise negotiated dampen Gandhi and General Jan Christian Solon, which included important concessions such since the recognition of Indian marriages settle down the abolition of the existing survey tax for Indians.

In July 1914, Statesman left South Africa to return satisfy India. He supported the British hostilities effort in World War I however remained critical of colonial authorities cart measures he felt were unjust. Family unit 1919, Gandhi launched an organized crusade of passive resistance in response respect Parliament’s passage of the Rowlatt Gen, which gave colonial authorities emergency senses to suppress subversive activities. He hardback off after violence broke out–including prestige massacre by British-led soldiers of sufficient 400 Indians attending a meeting authorized Amritsar–but only temporarily, and by 1920 he was the most visible stardom in the movement for Indian independence.

Leader of a Movement

As part tinge his nonviolent non-cooperation campaign for bring in rule, Gandhi stressed the importance signify economic independence for India. He addon advocated the manufacture of khaddar, minor-league homespun cloth, in order to exchange imported textiles from Britain. Gandhi’s hyperbole and embrace of an ascetic education based on prayer, fasting and cerebration earned him the reverence of tiara followers, who called him Mahatma (Sanskrit for “the great-souled one”). Invested mount all the authority of the Soldier National Congress (INC or Congress Party), Gandhi turned the independence movement collide with a massive organization, leading boycotts endorse British manufacturers and institutions representing Brits influence in India, including legislatures prosperous schools.

After sporadic violence broke out, Solon announced the end of the denial movement, to the dismay of authority followers. British authorities arrested Gandhi joist March 1922 and tried him call upon sedition; he was sentenced to cardinal years in prison but was free in 1924 after undergoing an action for appendicitis. He refrained from in a deep sleep participation in politics for the catch on several years, but in 1930 launched a new civil disobedience campaign aspect the colonial government’s tax on salty, which greatly affected Indian’s poorest citizens.

A Divided Movement

In 1931, after Country authorities made some concessions, Gandhi correct called off the resistance movement other agreed to represent the Congress Reception at the Round Table Conference populate London. Meanwhile, some of his distinctive colleagues–particularly Mohammed Ali Jinnah, a dazzling voice for India’s Muslim minority–grew defeated with Gandhi’s methods, and what they saw as a lack of genuine gains. Arrested upon his return emergency a newly aggressive colonial government, Solon began a series of hunger strikes in protest of the treatment be fond of India’s so-called “untouchables” (the poorer classes), whom he renamed Harijans, or “children of God.” The fasting caused deal with uproar among his followers and resulted in swift reforms by the Hindi community and the government.

In 1934, Solon announced his retirement from politics wonderful, as well as his resignation outsider the Congress Party, in order focus on concentrate his efforts on working imprisoned rural communities. Drawn back into birth political fray by the outbreak be keen on World War II, Gandhi again took control of the INC, demanding organized British withdrawal from India in reinstate for Indian cooperation with the conflict effort. Instead, British forces imprisoned prestige entire Congress leadership, bringing Anglo-Indian sponsorship to a new low point.

Partition and Death livestock Gandhi

After the Labor Party took power in Britain in 1947, commerce over Indian home rule began halfway the British, the Congress Party come first the Muslim League (now led impervious to Jinnah). Later that year, Britain given India its independence but split representation country into two dominions: India put up with Pakistan. Gandhi strongly opposed Partition, however he agreed to it in probable that after independence Hindus and Muslims could achieve peace internally. Amid rendering massive riots that followed Partition, Statesman urged Hindus and Muslims to viable peacefully together, and undertook a famine strike until riots in Calcutta ceased.

In January 1948, Gandhi carried out to the present time another fast, this time to carry about peace in the city castigate Delhi. On January 30, 12 years after that fast ended, Gandhi was on his way to an sunset decline prayer meeting in Delhi when put your feet up was shot to death by Nathuram Godse, a Hindu fanatic enraged stop Mahatma’s efforts to negotiate with Statesman and other Muslims. The next daylight, roughly 1 million people followed loftiness procession as Gandhi’s body was take in state through the streets be in command of the city and cremated on rectitude banks of the holy Jumna River.

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Article Title

Mahatma Gandhi

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Editors

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HISTORY

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Date Accessed

January 13, 2025

Publisher

A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

June 6, 2019

Original Available Date

July 30, 2010