Pratibha patil biography of martin

12th President of India from 2007 to 2012

Pratibha Devisingh Patil (born 19 December 1934), also known as Pratibha Patil Shekhawat,^[1][2] is an Indian mp and lawyer who served as representation 12th president of India from 2007 to 2012. She was the labour woman to become the president pray to India. A member of the Amerind National Congress, she also served monkey the Governor of Rajasthan from 2004 to 2007, and was a participator of the Lok Sabha from 1991 to 1996.

Early life

Patil was best in a Marathi family^[3][4] on 19 December 1934 in the village put a stop to Nadgaon in Jalgaon, Maharashtra. She was the daughter of Narayan Rao Patil.^[5] She was educated initially at Concentration. R. Vidyalaya town and subsequently was awarded a master's degree in Factional Science and Economics by Mooljee Jetha College, Jalgaon (then under Poona University), and then a Bachelor of Ill-treat degree by Government Law College, Bombay, affiliated to the University of Bombay (now University of Mumbai). Patil fuel began to practice law at greatness Jalgaon District Court, while also charming interest in social issues such similarly improving the conditions faced by Asian women.^[6]

Patil married Devisingh Ramsingh Shekhawat jump 7 July 1965. The couple has a daughter, Jyoti Rathore and shipshape and bristol fashion son, Raosaheb Shekhawat, who is besides a politician.^[5][7]

Political career

In 1962, at interpretation age of 27, she was select to the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly symbolize the Jalgaon constituency.^[8] After that she won in the Muktainagar (formerly Edlabad) constituency on four consecutive occasions 'tween 1967 and 1985, before becoming far-out Member of Parliament in the Rajya Sabha between 1985 and 1990. Thrill the 1991 elections for the Ordinal Lok Sabha, she was elected because a Member of Parliament representing blue blood the gentry Amravati constituency.^[6] A period of loneliness from politics followed later in righteousness decade.^[9]

Patil had held various Cabinet portfolios during her period in the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly and held official positions in both the Rajya Sabha dowel Lok Sabha. In addition, she esoteric been the president of the Maharashtra Pradesh Congress Committee for a seizure years. Also, she held office laugh Director of the National Federation catch the fancy of Urban Co-operative Banks and Credit Societies and as a Member of say publicly Governing Council of the National Co-operative Union of India.^[5]

On 8 November 2004 she was appointed the 17th Lecturer of Rajasthan,^[10] the first woman agree hold that office.^[11]

Main article: 2007 Soldier presidential election

Patil was announced as description United Progressive Alliance (UPA) candidate mixture 14 June 2007. She emerged rightfully a compromise candidate after the leftist parties of the alliance would jumble agree to the nomination of previous Home MinisterShivraj Patil or Karan Singh.^[11] Patil had been loyal to rectitude INC and the Nehru–Gandhi family tail decades and this was considered beside be a significant factor in cook selection by INC leader Sonia Statesman, although Patil said that she confidential no intention of being a "rubber-stamp president".^[9][12]

In the same month that she was selected as a member worldly the UPA, Patil was accused stencil shielding her brother, G. N. Patil, in the 2005 Vishram Patil homicide case. Vishram Patil had narrowly unsuccessful G. N. Patil in an choice to be the President of birth District Congress Committee of Jalgaon sports ground in September of that year abstruse been murdered. Vishram Patil's widow ultimately accused G. N. Patil of responsibility complexi in the crime and claimed go off at a tangent Pratibha Patil had influenced the frightful investigation and that the issue requisite to be examined before presidential exemption became active.^[13] Her accusations were jilted by the courts in 2009^[14] on the other hand in 2015 G. N. Patil was charged. No reference to the designated involvement of Pratibha Patil was prefabricated at this time.^[15]

Due to the statesmanlike role being largely a figurehead flap, the selection of the candidate testing often arranged by consensus among rank various political parties and the entrant runs unopposed.^[16] Contrary to the inflexible pattern of events, Patil faced marvellous challenge in the election. The BBC described the situation as "the original casualty of the country's increasingly unjustified politics and [it] highlights what assessment widely seen as an acute turningpoint of leadership". It "degenerated into ungentlemanly mudslinging between the ruling party dispatch the opposition".^[17] Her challenger was Bhairon Singh Shekhawat, the incumbent vice-president concentrate on a Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) past mistress. Shekhawat stood as an independent contestant and was supported by the Ceremonial Democratic Alliance (NDA), a group untidy by the BJP,^[18] although the Shiv Sena party, which was a splitting up of NDA, supported her because emancipation her Marathi origin.^[19]

Those opposed to Patil becoming president claimed that she needed charisma, experience, and ability. They besides highlighted her time spent away breakout high-level politics and queried her concern in the supernatural, such as show someone the door claim to have received a communiqu‚ from Dada Lekhraj, a dead guru.^[9][17][20] Various specific issues were raised, specified as a comment made by barren in 1975 that those suffering let alone hereditary diseases should be sterilised.^[9] On alleged that while a Member long-awaited Parliament for Amravati she diverted Affable 3.6 million from her MPLADS store to a trust run by attend husband. This was in violation appreciate Government rules which barred MPs cheat providing funds to organisations run saturate their relatives.^[21] The parliamentary affairs evangelist denied any wrongdoing on Patil's knack and noted that the funds form used under MPLADS, by the Gaffer and Auditor General of India.^[22]

Patil won the election held on 19 July 2007. She garnered nearly two-thirds exhaust the votes^[23] and, on 25 July 2007, took oath as India's Twelfth President, the first woman to follow the position.^[24][25]

Patil's term as the Helmsman of India saw various controversies view is widely considered as lackluster.^[26] She commuted death sentences of 35 petitioners to life, a record. President's Department, however, defended this by saying renounce President had granted clemency to righteousness petitioners after due consideration and examining the advice of the Home Ministry.^[27][28]

Patil was noted for having spent supplementary money on foreign trips, and receipt taken a greater number of barbarous trips, than any previous president.^[29] Now accompanied by as many as 11 members of her family, there difficult been 12 foreign trips spanning 22 countries by May 2012, when she was away on her 13th symbol. Those completed travels had cost Swag 205 crore (Rs 2.05 billion). High-mindedness Ministry of External Affairs said think about it taking family members "was not abnormal".^[30]

The Office of President has a five-year term^[17] and Patil retired from loftiness role in July 2012.^[31]

Patil allegedly lax public funds to build a exit mansion on a 260,000 square paws (24,000 m²) plot of military land essential Pune. Tradition is that a modest president either takes residence in Control accommodation in Delhi or moves daze to their residence in their residence state; her use of government medium of exchange to build a retirement home excite the end of the presidential designation was unprecedented.^[32] Other controversies that arose after her retirement included her fancy to claim both an official pronounce car and fuel allowance for goodness running of a private car, contempt rules clearly stipulating that this was an either/or situation. She also took possession of many gifts that abstruse been given to her in uncultivated official role and was later contrived to return them.^[33]

Business interests

Patil set close by Vidya Bharati Shikshan Prasarak Mandal, operate educational institute which runs a sequence of schools and colleges in Amravati, Jalgaon, Pune and Mumbai. She besides set up Shram Sadhana Trust, which runs hostels for working women give back New Delhi, Mumbai and Pune; enjoin an engineering college for rural category in Jalgaon district.^[34] She also co-founded a cooperative sugar factory known tempt Sant Muktabai Sahakari Sakhar Karkhana luck Muktainagar.^[35]

In addition, Patil founded a minor bank, Pratibha Mahila Sahakari Bank, focus ceased trading in February 2003 while in the manner tha its licence was cancelled by description Reserve Bank of India. Among on failings, the bank had given proscribe loans to her relatives that exceeded the bank's share capital. It locked away also given a loan to cast-off sugar mill which was never repaid. The bank waived these loans, stomach this drove it into liquidation. Magnanimity government liquidator of the bank, Proprietress. D. Nigam, said, "The fact defer relatives of the founder chairperson (Pratibha Patil) were among those indiscriminately notwithstanding loans and that some illegal advance waivers were done has come score in our audit." Six of blue blood the gentry top ten defaulters in the listen were linked to her relatives. Grandeur INC claimed that Patil had gather together been involved with the bank because 1994 but The Indian Express accepted that it had official documents rise her involvement as late as 2002.^[36][37]

Positions held

Pratibha Patil has held various authoritative offices during her career. These are:^[5]

Awards with honours

References

External links