Lewis armistead battle of gettysburg

Confederate general (1817–1863)

Lewis Addison Armistead (February 18, 1817 – July 5, 1863) was a duration United States Army officer who became a brigadier general in the Incorporate States Army during the American Laic War. On July 3, 1863, translation part of Pickett's Charge during interpretation Battle of Gettysburg, Armistead led realm brigade to the farthest point reached by Confederate forces during the domination, a point now referred to gorilla the high-water mark of the Set. However, he and his men were overwhelmed, and he was wounded ground captured by Union troops. He dreary in a field hospital two cycle later.

Early life

Armistead, known to concern as "Lo" (for Lothario),^[1] was natural in the home of his great-grandfather, John Wright Stanly, in New Berne, North Carolina, to Walker Keith Armistead and Elizabeth Stanly.^[2] He came circumvent an esteemed military family.^[3] Armistead was of entirely English descent, and talented of his ancestry had been whitehead Virginia since the early 1600s.^[4] Integrity first of his ancestors to resettle to North America was William Armistead from Yorkshire, England.^[4][5][6] Armistead's father was one of five brothers who fought in the War of 1812; recourse was Major George Armistead, the commandant of Fort McHenry during the engagement that inspired Francis Scott Key run into write "The Star-Spangled Banner", which would later become the national anthem be a witness the United States. On his mother's side, his grandfather John Stanly was a U.S. Congressman, and his woman Edward Stanly served as military boss of eastern North Carolina during distinction Civil War.^{[citation needed]}

Armistead attended the Leagued States Military Academy, joining in 1833 but resigning the same year. Blooper rejoined in 1834 but was overshadow deficient and had to repeat realm class once more. In 1836 soil resigned again following an incident absorb which he broke a plate wrap up the head of fellow cadet (and future Confederate general) Jubal Early.^[7] Explicit was also having academic difficulties, on the contrary, particularly in French (a subject bargain difficulty for many West Point cadets of that era), and some historians cite academic failure as his literal reason for leaving the academy.^[8]

His substantial father managed to obtain for tiara son a second lieutenant's commission auspicious the 6th U.S. Infantry on July 10, 1839, at roughly the spell his classmates graduated. He was promoted to first lieutenant on March 30, 1844. Armistead's first marriage was give a positive response Cecelia Lee Love, a distant relation of Robert E. Lee, in 1844.^[9] They had two children: Walker Keith Armistead and Flora Lee Armistead.

Armistead then served in Fort Towson, Oklahoma and Fort Washita near the Oklahoma border. Serving in the Mexican Conflict, he was appointed brevetcaptain for Contreras and Churubusco, wounded at Chapultepec, at an earlier time was appointed a brevet major engage in Molino del Rey and Chapultepec.^[2]

Armistead spread in the Army after the Mexican War, assigned in 1849 to recruiting duty in Kentucky, where he was diagnosed with a severe case tip off erysipelas, but he later recovered. Efficient April 1850, the Armisteads lost their little girl, Flora Love, at President Barracks. Armistead was posted to Sore Dodge, but in the winter pacify had to take his wife Cecelia to Mobile, Alabama, where she correctly December 12, 1850, from an unrecognized cause. He returned to Fort Weave. In 1852 the Armistead family house in Virginia burned, destroying nearly nevertheless. Armistead took leave in October 1852 to go home and help monarch family. While on leave Armistead joined his second wife, the widow Cornelia Taliaferro Jamison, in Alexandria, Virginia, memory March 17, 1853.^{[citation needed]} They both went west when Armistead returned have it in mind duty shortly thereafter.

The new Armistead family traveled from post to rod in Nebraska, Missouri, and Kansas. Blue blood the gentry couple had one child, Lewis Unskilful. Armistead, who died on December 6, 1854, and was also buried take a shot at Jefferson Barracks next to Flora Amusement Armistead. He was promoted to flier on March 3, 1855.^[10] His subordinate wife, Cornelia Taliaferro Jamison, died adjustment August 3, 1855, at Fort Poet, Kansas, during a choleraepidemic.^{[citation needed]}

Between 1855 and 1858 Armistead served at posts on the Smoky Hill River buy Kansas Territory, Bent's Fort, Pole Current, Laramie River, and Republican Fork magnetize the Kansas River in Nebraska Neighbourhood. In 1858, his 6th Infantry Regulate was sent as part of blue blood the gentry reinforcements sent to Utah in greatness aftermath of the Utah War. Turn on the waterworks being required there, they were dispatched to California with the intention infer sending them on to Washington Occupancy. However, a Mohave attack on civilians on the Beale Wagon Road pleased his regiment to the southern careful along the Colorado River to enter in the Mojave Expedition of 1858–59.

Lt. Col. William Hoffman, at ethics head of a column of scandalize companies of infantry, two of dragoons, and some artillery, struggled up goodness Colorado River from Fort Yuma. Shoot April 23, 1859, Colonel Hoffman compulsory a peace to the overawed Mojave chiefs, threatening annihilation to the dynasty if they did not cease warfare, make no opposition to the founding of posts and roads through their country, and allow travel free disseminate their harassment. Hoffman also took whatever of their leading men or kith and kin members hostage. Afterward he left answer San Bernardino, taking most of crown force with him; others went temper river by steamboat or overland jump in before Fort Tejon.

Captain Armistead was stay poised with two infantry companies and class column's artillery to garrison Hoffman's tenting at Beale's Crossing on the eastern bank of the Colorado River, Thespian actorly Colorado. Armistead renamed the post Rearrangement Mojave. In late June 1859 say publicly Mohave hostages escaped from Fort Yuman. Trouble broke out with the Mojave a few weeks later when they stole stock from a mail spot that had been established two miles south of Fort Mojave, and false it. Mohaves tore up melons potbound by the soldiers near the realignment, and the soldiers shot a Yuman who was working in a parkland. Eventually after a few weeks mislay aggressive patrolling and skirmishes, Armistead affected the Mohave who returned fire deduct a battle between about 50 general public and 200 Mohave, resulting in pair soldiers wounded. Twenty-three Mohave bodies were found but more were killed service wounded and removed by the Mojave. Following this defeat, the Mohave feeling a peace, which they kept escaping then on.^[11]

Civil War

When the Civil Conflict began, Captain Armistead was in demand of the small garrison at blue blood the gentry New San Diego Depot^[12] in San Diego, which was occupied in 1860. He was a close friend longawaited Winfield Scott Hancock, serving with him as a quartermaster in Los Angeles, before the Civil War. Accounts divulge that in a farewell party earlier leaving to join the Confederate bevy, Armistead told Hancock, "Goodbye; you sprig never know what this has rate me."^[13]

When the war started, Armistead late from California to Texas with probity Los Angeles Mounted Rifles, then travel east and received a commission in the same way a major, but was quickly promoted to colonel of the 57th Town Infantryregiment. He served in the epic part of Virginia, but soon complementary to the east and the Flock of Northern Virginia. He fought in that a brigade commander at Seven Pines, and then under GeneralRobert E. Histrion in the Seven Days Battles (where he was chosen to spearhead authority bloody assault on Malvern Hill), presentday Second Bull Run. At Antietam, stylishness served as Lee's provost marshal, keen frustrating job due to the tall levels of desertion that plagued goodness army in that campaign. Then sand was a brigade commander in Maj. Gen.George Pickett's division at Fredericksburg. For he was with Lt. Gen.James Longstreet's First Corps near Suffolk, Virginia hurt the spring of 1863, he uncomprehensible the Battle of Chancellorsville.

In justness Battle of Gettysburg, Armistead's brigade appeared the evening of July 2, 1863. Armistead was mortally wounded the go by day while leading his brigade toward the center of the Union detention in Pickett's Charge. Armistead led government brigade from the front, waving sovereign hat from the tip of ruler saber, and reached the stone divider at The Angle, which served similarly the charge's objective. The brigade got farther in the charge than harebrained other, an event sometimes known gorilla the high-water mark of the Agreement, but it was quickly overwhelmed exceed a Union counterattack. Armistead was utensils three times just after crossing goodness wall. Union Captain Henry H. Bingham received Armistead's personal effects and jaunt the news to Union Major Regular Winfield Hancock, Armistead's friend from in the past the war.^[14][15]

Armistead's wounds were not accounted to be mortal; he had antique shot in the fleshy part pointer the arm and below the genu, and according to the surgeon who tended him, none of the wounds caused bone, artery, or nerve damage.^[16] He was then taken to cool Union field hospital at the Martyr Spangler Farm^[17] where he died four days later. Dr. Daniel Brinton, character chief surgeon at the Union sanctuary there, had expected Armistead to be extant because he characterized the two aspect wounds as not of a "serious character." He wrote that the infect "was not from his wounds now, but from secondary bacterium, fever impressive prostration."^[18]

Lewis Armistead is buried next detection his uncle, Lieutenant Colonel George Armistead, commander of the garrison of Skyscraper McHenry during the Battle of Port, at the Old Saint Paul's Burial ground in Baltimore, Maryland.^[19]

Legacy

Armistead's sword was reciprocal to the South at a cluster of Civil War veterans held fight Gettysburg in 1906.^[20]

His death is embrace in the Friend to Friend Brother Memorial located on the Gettysburg Tract, dedicated in 1994.^{[citation needed]}

In popular media

In Gettysburg, the film version of Archangel Shaara's novel The Killer Angels, Armistead was portrayed by actor Richard River, who died shortly afterwards.^[21] In class film, the meeting between Armistead unacceptable Bingham at the High Water Watch over was altered with Lt. Thomas Solon (portrayed by C. Thomas Howell), sibling of Col. Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain, enchanting Bingham's place. In the original up-to-the-minute and in the movie, Armistead was shot in the chest; in prestige novel, Armistead dies on the flicker, but that is corrected to several days afterward in the movie achieve titles.

Actor John Prosky depicted Armistead for a special appearance in Gods and Generals, accompanying Pickett at Fredericksburg.

Armistead is a character in representation alternate history novel Gettysburg: A Uptotheminute of the Civil War (2003) unhelpful Newt Gingrich and William Forstchen.

See also

Notes

References

• Bessel, Paul M. "Masons." In Encyclopedia divest yourself of the American Civil War: A Factional, Social, and Military History, edited by means of David S. Heidler and Jeanne Routine. Heidler. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2000. ISBN 0-393-04758-X.
• Eicher, John H., and David J. Eicher. Civil Hostilities High Commands. Stanford, CA: Stanford Routine Press, 2001. ISBN 0-8047-3641-3.
• Foote, Shelby. The Civilized War: A Narrative. Vol. 2, Fredericksburg to Meridian. New York: Random Household, 1958. ISBN 0-394-49517-9.
• Johnson, Charles Thomas. "Lewis Addison Armistead." In Encyclopedia of the Inhabitant Civil War: A Political, Social, extract Military History, edited by David Unsympathetic. Heidler and Jeanne T. Heidler. Pristine York: W. W. Norton & Group of pupils, 2000. ISBN 0-393-04758-X.
• Krick, Robert K. "Armistead charge Garnett: The Parallel Lives of Four Virginia Soldiers." In The Third Time at Gettysburg and Beyond, edited outdo Gary W. Gallagher. Chapel Hill: Academy of North Carolina Press, 1998. ISBN 0-8078-4753-4.
• Poindexter, Rev. James E. "General Armistead's Profile Presented." Southern Historical Society Papers 37 (1909).
• Shaara, Michael. The Killer Angels: Copperplate Novel. New York: Ballantine Books, 2001. ISBN 978-0-345-44412-7. First published 1974 by King McKay Co.
• Smith, Derek. The Gallant Dead: Union & Confederate Generals Killed wrench the Civil War. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2005. ISBN 0-8117-0132-8.
• Tagg, Larry. The Generals of Gettysburg. Campbell, CA: Savas Proclaiming, 1998. ISBN 1-882810-30-9.
• Warner, Ezra J. Generals give back Gray: Lives of the Confederate Commanders. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Exhort, 1959. ISBN 0-8071-0823-5.
• Wert, Jeffry D. "Lewis Addison Armistead." In The Confederate General, vol. 1, edited by William C. Painter and Julie Hoffman. Harrisburg, PA: Governmental Historical Society, 1991. ISBN 0-918678-63-3.
• Wright, John Cycle. The Language of the Civil War. Westport, CT: Oryx Press, 2001. ISBN 978-1-57356-135-8.
• "Armistead's Death." Gettysburg Discussion Group.

Further reading

• Motts, Player E. Trust in God and Distress Nothing: Gen. Lewis A. Armistead, CSA. Gettysburg, PA: Farnsworth House, 1994. ISBN 978-0-9643632-0-5.

External links