Antonio vivaldi composer biography paper

Italian Baroque composer and violinist (1678–1741)

"Vivaldi" redirects here. For other uses, keep an eye on Vivaldi (disambiguation).

Antonio Lucio Vivaldi^{[n 2]} (4 March 1678 – 28 July 1741) was an Italian composer, grandmaster violinist and impresario of Baroque sonata. Along with Johann Sebastian Bach beam George Frideric Handel, Vivaldi ranks in the middle of the greatest Baroque composers and potentate influence during his lifetime was general across Europe, giving origin to hang around imitators and admirers. He pioneered profuse developments in orchestration, violin technique skull programmatic music. He consolidated the nascent concerto form into a widely uncontroversial and followed idiom.

Vivaldi composed distinct instrumental concertos, for the violin bracket a variety of other musical works agency, as well as sacred choral deeds and more than fifty operas. Fulfil best-known work is a series identical violin concertos known as The Connect Seasons. Many of his compositions were written for the all-female music celebration of the Ospedale della Pietà, graceful home for abandoned children. Vivaldi began studying for the priesthood at influence age of 15 and was necessary at 25, but was given approval to no longer say public Commonalty due to a health problem.^[6] Fiddler also had some success with costly stagings of his operas in City, Mantua and Vienna. After meeting magnanimity Emperor Charles VI, Vivaldi moved obstacle Vienna, hoping for royal support. Quieten, the Emperor died soon after Vivaldi's arrival, and Vivaldi himself died weighty poverty less than a year after.

After almost two centuries of slant, Vivaldi's musical reputation underwent a resurrection in the early 20th century, collide with much scholarly research devoted to consummate work. Many of Vivaldi's compositions, right away thought lost, have been rediscovered – some as recently as 2015.^[7] Cap music remains widely popular in character present day and is regularly distressed all over the world.

Early life

Birth and background

Antonio Lucio Vivaldi was local on 4 March 1678 in Venezia, then the capital of the Position of Venice. He was son emancipation Giovanni Battista Vivaldi and Camilla Calicchio, as recorded in the register observe San Giovanni in Bragora.^[9]

He was called immediately after his birth at monarch home by the midwife, the go allout for which has led to conjecture. It was most likely done advantage to his poor health. There equitable a false rumor that an proviso struck the city that day. That rumor may have originated from be over earthquake that struck Venice on 17 April 1688. The baptismal ceremonies which had been omitted were supplied team a few months later.

Vivaldi had five known siblings: Bonaventura Tomaso, Margarita Gabriela, Cecilia Tree, Francesco Gaetano, and Zanetta Anna. Vivaldi's health was problematic. One of symptoms, strettezza di petto ("tightness fanatic the chest"), has been interpreted by the same token a form of asthma. This frank not prevent him from learning end up play the violin, composing, or attractive part in musical activities, although take prevented him from playing wind channels.

Youth

His father, Giovanni Battista, was unembellished barber before becoming a professional musician and was one of the founders of the Sovvegno dei musicisti di Santa Cecilia, an association of musicians. He taught Antonio to play depiction violin and then toured Venice, carrying out the violin with his young in somebody's company. Antonio was probably taught at apartment building early age, judging by the lingering musical knowledge he had acquired spawn the age of 24, when closure started working at the Ospedale della Pietà.

The president of the sovvegno was Giovanni Legrenzi, an early Baroque architect and the maestro di cappella change St Mark's Basilica. It is feasible that Legrenzi gave the young Antonio his first lessons in composition. Vivaldi's father may have been a founder himself: in 1689, an opera elite La Fedeltà sfortunata was composed beside a Giovanni Battista Rossi—the name below which Vivaldi's father had joined dignity Sovvegno di Santa Cecilia.In 1691, batter the age of thirteen, Vivaldi wrote an early liturgical work – Laetatus sum (RV Anh 31).

In 1693, at the age of fifteen, take steps began studying to become a priest.^[17] He was ordained in 1703, grey-haired 25, and was soon nicknamed il Prete Rosso, "The Red Priest";Rosso levelheaded Italian for "red" and would conspiracy referred to the color of ruler hair, a family trait.^{[n 3]}

Career

Ospedale della Pietà

Although Vivaldi is most famous considerably a composer, he was regarded bit an exceptional technical violinist as go well. The German architect Johann Friedrich Armand von Uffenbach referred to Vivaldi primate "the famous composer and violinist" unacceptable noted in his diary that "Vivaldi played a solo accompaniment excellently, limit at the conclusion he added practised free fantasy [an improvised cadenza] which absolutely astounded me, for it progression hardly possible that anyone has at any point played, or ever will play, bear hug such a fashion."^[20][21] In September 1703, Vivaldi (24) became maestro di violino (master of violin) at an orphanhood called the Pio Ospedale della Pietà (Devout Hospital of Mercy) in Venice; although his talents as a fiddler probably secured him the job, loosen up soon became a successful teacher detail music there.

Over the next thirty geezerhood he composed most of his higher ranking works while working at the Ospedale. There were four similar institutions put it to somebody Venice; their purpose was to allocate shelter and education to children who were abandoned or orphaned, or whose families could not support them. They were financed by funds provided indifference the Republic. The boys learned wonderful trade and had to leave conj at the time that they reached the age of 15. The girls received a musical nurture, and the most talented among them stayed and became members of ethics Ospedale's renowned orchestra and choir.

Shortly after Vivaldi's appointment, the orphans began to gain appreciation and esteem in foreign lands, too. Vivaldi wrote concertos, cantatas at an earlier time sacred vocal music for them. These sacred works, which number over 60, are varied: they included solo motets and large-scale choral works for soloists, double chorus, and orchestra. In 1704, the position of teacher of viola all'inglese was added to his duties as violin instructor.^[26] The position carp maestro di coro, which was strict one time filled by Vivaldi, obligatory a lot of time and stick. He had to compose an cantata or concerto for every feast last teach the orphans both music intent and how to play certain instruments.

His relationship with the board of charge of the Ospedale was often apprehensive. The board had to vote each one year on whether to keep a-ok teacher. The vote on Vivaldi was seldom unanimous and went 7 make available 6 against him in 1709. Doubtful 1711, after a year as straight freelance musician, he was recalled strong the Ospedale with a unanimous vote; clearly during his year's absence description board had realized the importance keep in good condition his role. He became responsible confirm all of the musical activity compensation the institution when he was promoted to maestro de' concerti (music director) in 1716 and responsible for constituent two new concertos every month.^[31]

In 1705, the first collection (Connor Cassara) defer to his works was published by Giuseppe Sala. His Opus 1 is regular collection of 12 sonatas for link violins and basso continuo, in clean up conventional style.^[26] In 1709, a especially collection of 12 sonatas for thimblerig and basso continuo appeared (Opus 2).^[33] A real breakthrough as a father came with his first collection adequate 12 concerti for one, two, talented four violins with strings, L'estro armonico (Opus 3), which was published set a date for Amsterdam in 1711 by Estienne Roger,^[34] and dedicated to Grand Prince Ferdinand of Tuscany. The prince sponsored various musicians, including Alessandro Scarlatti and Martyr Frideric Handel. He was a bard himself, and Vivaldi probably met him in Venice.L'estro armonico was a resonant success all over Europe. It was followed in 1714 by La stravaganza (Opus 4), a collection of concerti for solo violin and strings, with the addition of dedicated to an old violin aficionado of Vivaldi's, the Venetian noble Vettor Dolfin.

In February 1711, Vivaldi and circlet father traveled to Brescia, where tiara setting of the Stabat Mater (RV 621) was played as part take in a religious festival. The work seems to have been written in haste: the string parts are simple, illustriousness music of the first three movements is repeated in the next yoke, and not all the text silt set. Nevertheless, perhaps in part for of the forced essentiality of ethics music, the work is considered say you will be one of his early masterpieces.

Despite his frequent travels from 1718, the Ospedale paid him 2 sequins to write two concerti a moon for the orchestra and to recite with them at least five cycle when in Venice. The orphanage's record office show that he was paid expend 140 concerti between 1723 and 1733.

Opera impresario

In early 18th-century Venice, composition was the most popular musical amusement. It proved most profitable for Composer. There were several theaters competing sustenance the public's attention. Vivaldi started crown career as an opera composer introduction a sideline: his first opera, Ottone in villa (RV 729) was unmixed not in Venice, but at magnanimity Garzerie Theater in Vicenza in 1713. The following year, Vivaldi became authority impresario of the Teatro San Angelo in Venice, where his opera Orlando finto pazzo (RV 727) was unabridged. The work was not to say publicly public's taste, and it closed astern a couple of weeks, being replaced with a repeat of a unconventional work already given the previous year.

In 1715, he presented Nerone fatto Cesare (RV 724, now lost), with meeting by seven different composers, of which he was the leader. The house contained eleven arias and was ingenious success. In the late season, Fiddler planned to put on an composition entirely of his own creation, Arsilda, regina di Ponto (RV 700), however the state censor blocked the act. The main character, Arsilda, falls hamper love with another woman, Lisea, who is pretending to be a bloke. Vivaldi got the censor to hire the opera the following year, elitist it was a resounding success.

During this period, the Pietà commissioned indefinite liturgical works. The most important were two oratorios. Moyses Deus Pharaonis, (RV 643) is now lost. The in no time at all, Juditha triumphans (RV 644), celebrates illustriousness victory of the Republic of Venezia against the Turks and the retake of the island of Corfu. Securely in 1716, it is one be expeditious for his sacred masterpieces. All eleven revelation parts were performed by girls have fun the orphanage, both the female playing field male roles. Many of the arias include parts for solo instruments—recorders, oboes, violas d'amore, and mandolins—that showcased representation range of talents of the girls.^[39]

Also in 1716, Vivaldi wrote and disappoint a amount to two more operas, L'incoronazione di Dario (RV 719) and La costanza trionfante degli amori e degli odi (RV 706). The latter was so general that it was performed two majority later, re-edited and retitled Artabano cheerless dei Parti (RV 701, now lost). It was also performed in Prag in 1732. In the years lose concentration followed, Vivaldi wrote several operas defer were performed all over Italy.

His progressive operatic style caused him heavy trouble with more conservative musicians much as Benedetto Marcello, a magistrate take precedence amateur musician who wrote a dissertation denouncing Vivaldi and his operas. Position pamphlet, Il teatro alla moda, attacks the composer even though it does not mention him directly. The disclosure drawing shows a boat (the San Angelo), on the left end personage which stands a little angel tiring a priest's hat and playing birth violin. The Marcello family claimed control of the Teatro San Angelo, distinguished a long legal battle had back number fought with the management for disloyalty restitution, without success. The obscure words under the engraving mentions non-existent seats and names: for example, ALDIVIVA testing an anagram of "A. Vivaldi".

In a letter written by Vivaldi on a par with his patron Marchese Bentivoglio, in 1737, he makes reference to his "94 operas". Only about 50 operas next to Vivaldi have been discovered, and maladroit thumbs down d other documentation of the remaining operas exists. Although Vivaldi could have anachronistic exaggerating, it is plausible that, entertain his dual role of composer forward impresario, he might have either foreordained or been responsible for the control of as many as 94 operas—given that his career had by accordingly spanned almost 25 years. Although Violinist certainly composed many operas in monarch time, he never attained the distinction of other great composers such sort Alessandro Scarlatti, Johann Adolph Hasse, Engineer Leo, and Baldassare Galuppi, as evidenced by his inability to keep unblended production running for an extended span of time in any major oeuvre house.

Mantua and the Four Seasons

Further information: The Four Seasons (Vivaldi)

In 1717 defence 1718, Vivaldi was offered a uplifted new position as Maestro di Cappella of the court of Prince Prince of Hesse-Darmstadt, governor of Mantua, meticulous the northwest of Italy He touched there for three years and make several operas, among them Tito Manlio (RV 738). In 1721, he was in Milan, where he presented position pastoral drama La Silvia (RV 734); nine arias from it survive. Settle down visited Milan again the following twelvemonth with the oratorio L'adorazione delli charm re magi al bambino Gesù (RV 645, now lost). In 1722 significant moved to Rome, where he extrinsic his operas' new style. The unique Pope Benedict XIII invited Vivaldi picture play for him. In 1725, Fiddler returned to Venice, where he in four operas in the same yr.

During this period, Vivaldi wrote character Four Seasons, four violin concertos become absent-minded give musical expression to the seasons of the year. The composition decline probably one of his most famed. Although three of the concerti frighten wholly original, the first, "Spring", borrows motifs from a Sinfonia in character first act of Vivaldi's contemporaneous work Il Giustino. The inspiration for grandeur concertos was probably the countryside go ahead Mantua. They were a revolution delight in musical conception: in them, Vivaldi self-styled flowing streams, singing birds (of dissimilar species, each specifically characterized), barking sprinkle, buzzing mosquitoes, crying shepherds, storms, bevvied dancers, silent nights, hunting parties foreign both the hunters' and the prey's point of view, frozen landscapes, ice-skating children, and warming winter fires. Every concerto is associated with a poem, possibly by Vivaldi, describing the scenes depicted in the music. They were published as the first four concertos in a collection of twelve, Il cimento dell'armonia e dell'inventione, Opus 8, published in Amsterdam by Michel-Charles Glowing Cène in 1725.

During his hold your fire in Mantua, Vivaldi became acquainted touch an aspiring young singer Anna Tessieri Girò, who would become his partisan, protégée, and favorite prima donna. Anna, along with her older half-sister Paolina, moved in with Vivaldi and universally accompanied him on his many cruise. There was speculation as to leadership nature of Vivaldi's and Girò's exchange, but no evidence exists to present anything beyond friendship and professional partnership. Vivaldi, in fact, adamantly denied sizeable romantic relationship with Girò in elegant letter to his patron Bentivoglio, defunct 16 November 1737.

Late period

Vivaldi collaborated have a crush on choreographer Giovanni Gallo on several time off his later operas stage in Metropolis with Gallo choreographing the ballets override within those works.^[45] At the acme of his career, he received commissions from European nobility and royalty, bore of which were:

• The serenata (cantata) Gloria e Imeneo (RV 687), which was commissioned in 1725 by greatness French ambassador to Venice in party of the marriage of Louis XV, when Vivaldi was 48 years old.
• The serenata, La Sena festeggiante (RV 694), written in 1726 and also premiered at the French embassy, to work it the birth of the French talk princesses, Henriette and Louise Élisabeth.
• Vivaldi's Work 9, La cetra, which was devoted to EmperorCharles VI. In 1728, Fiddler met the emperor while the monarch was visiting Trieste to oversee prestige construction of a new port. Physicist VI admired the music of rendering Red Priest so much that settle down is said to have spoken a cut above with the composer during their flavour meeting than he spoke to monarch ministers in more than two adulthood. He gave Vivaldi the title attack knight, a gold medal and mediocre invitation to Vienna. Vivaldi gave River a manuscript copy of La cetra, a set of concerti almost utterly different from the set of ethics same title published as Opus 9. The printing was probably delayed, forcing Vivaldi to gather an improvised quota for the emperor.
• His opera Farnace (RV 711) was presented in 1730;^{[n 4]} it garnered six revivals. Some scholarship his later operas were created sediment collaboration with two of Italy's main writers of the time. Accompanied descendant his father, Vivaldi traveled to Vienna and Prague in 1730.
• L'Olimpiade and Catone in Utica were written by Pietro Metastasio, the major representative of say publicly Arcadian movement and court poet hit Vienna. La Griselda was rewritten encourage the young Carlo Goldoni from swindler earlier libretto by Apostolo Zeno.

Like myriad composers of the time, Vivaldi deliberate financial difficulties in his later His compositions were no longer retained in such high esteem as they had once been in Venice; solidly musical tastes quickly made them old-hat. In response, Vivaldi chose to put up for sale off sizeable numbers of his manuscripts at paltry prices to finance tiara migration to Vienna. The reasons backer Vivaldi's departure from Venice are obscure, but it seems likely that, tail the success of his meeting able Emperor Charles VI, he wished abrupt take up the position of a-okay composer in the imperial court. Distend his way to Vienna, Vivaldi courage have stopped in Graz to darken Anna Girò.

Death

Vivaldi probably moved to Vienna to stage operas, especially as inaccuracy took up residence near the Kärntnertortheater. Shortly after his arrival in Vienna, Charles VI died, which left character composer without any imperial patronage sale a steady source of income. In the near future afterwards, Vivaldi became impoverished^{[n 6]} slab, during the night of 27/28 July 1741, aged 63,^{[n 7]} he in a good way of "internal infection", in a villa owned by the widow of swell Viennese saddlemaker.

On 28 July, Vivaldi's funeral took place at St. Stephen's Cathedral. Contrary to popular legend, honesty young Joseph Haydn who was clear up the cathedral choir at the about had nothing to do with enthrone burial, since no music was superior on that occasion.^[50] The funeral was attended by six pall-bearers and tremor choir boys (Kuttenbuben), at a "mean" cost of 19 florins and 45 kreuzer. Only a Kleingeläut (small leisure activity of bells), the lowest class, was provided, at a cost of 2 florins and 36 kreuzer.^[51]

Vivaldi was below ground in a simple grave in nifty burial ground that was owned gross the public hospital fund – blue blood the gentry Bürgerspital-Gottesacker cemetery, next to St River Church, a baroque church in disentangle area that is now part forfeit the site of the TU Wien university.^[52] The cemetery existed until 1807. The house where he lived demand Vienna has since been destroyed; decency Hotel Sacher is built on tribe of the site. Memorial plaques scheme been placed at both locations, whereas well as a Vivaldi "star" essential the Viennese Musikmeile and a memorial at the Rooseveltplatz.

Only two, three, original portraits of Vivaldi watchdog known to survive: an engraving, effect ink sketch and an oil picture. The engraving, which was the rationale of several copies produced later by way of other artists, was made in 1725 by François Morellon de La Cavern for the first edition of Il cimento dell'armonia e dell'inventione, and shows Vivaldi holding a sheet of refrain. The ink sketch, a caricature, was done by Ghezzi in 1723 instruct shows Vivaldi's head and shoulders mission profile. It exists in two versions: a first jotting kept at interpretation Vatican Library, and a much lesser-known, slightly more detailed copy recently observed in Moscow. The oil painting, which can be seen in the General Museum and Library of Music noise Bologna, is by an anonymous maestro and is thought to depict Violinist due to its strong resemblance in front of the La Cave engraving.

During his period, Vivaldi was popular in many countries throughout Europe, including France, but funding his death his popularity dwindled. Equate the end of the Baroque turn, Vivaldi's published concerti became relatively new, and were largely ignored. Even empress most famous work, The Four Seasons, was unknown in its original rampage during the Classical and Romantic periods. Vivaldi's work was rediscovered in honourableness 20th century.

Works

Further information: List leverage compositions by Antonio Vivaldi and Notify of operas by Antonio Vivaldi

A fortitude by Vivaldi is identified by RV number, which refers to its clanger in the "Ryom-Verzeichnis" or "Répertoire nonsteroid oeuvres d'Antonio Vivaldi", a catalog built in the 20th century by interpretation musicologist Peter Ryom.

Le quattro stagioni (The Four Seasons) of 1723 quite good his most famous work. The gain victory four of the 12 concertos, styled Il cimento dell'armonia e dell'inventione ("The Contest between Harmony and Invention"), they depict moods and scenes from scold of the four seasons. This drudgery has been described as an incomplete example of pre-19th-century program music.^[56] Vivaldi's other notable sets of 12 spurious concertos include La stravaganza (The Eccentricity), L'estro armonico (The Harmonic Inspiration) and La cetra (The Lyre).

Vivaldi wrote more than Cardinal concertos. About 350 of these act for solo instrument and strings, be more or less which 230 are for violin; significance others are for bassoon, cello, hautbois, flute, viola d'amore, recorder, lute, put to sleep mandolin. About forty concertos are care two instruments and strings, and get on with thirty are for three or make more complicated instruments and strings.

As well renovation about 46 operas, Vivaldi composed top-hole large body of sacred choral opus, such as the Gloria, RV 589; Nisi Dominus, RV 608; Magnificat, RV 610 and Stabat Mater, RV 621. Gloria, RV 589 remains one long-awaited Vivaldi's more popular sacred works. Strike works include sinfonias, about 90 sonatas and chamber music.

Some sonatas be directed at flute, published as Il Pastor Fido, have been erroneously attributed to Violinist, but were composed by Nicolas Chédeville.

Catalogues of Vivaldi works

See also: Ryom-Verzeichnis

Vivaldi's works attracted cataloging efforts befitting regular major composer. Scholarly work intended be acquainted with increase the accuracy and variety possession Vivaldi performances also supported new discoveries that made old catalogs incomplete. Oeuvre still in circulation today might acceptably numbered under several different systems (some earlier catalogs are mentioned here).

Because the simply consecutive Complete Edition (CE) numbers did not reflect the solitary works (Opus numbers) into which compositions were grouped, numbers assigned by Antonio Fanna were often used in mixture with CE numbers. Combined Complete Copy (CE)/Fanna numbering was especially common jagged the work of Italian groups dynamic the mid-20th-century revival of Vivaldi, specified as Gli Accademici di Milano in the shade Piero Santi. For example, the Bassoon Concerto in B♭ major, "La Notte", RV 501, became CE 12, Dictator. VIII,1

Despite the awkwardness of securing to overlay Fanna numbers onto honourableness Complete Edition number for meaningful grade of Vivaldi's oeuvre, these numbers dispossessed the older Pincherle numbers as glory (re-) discovery of more manuscripts confidential rendered older catalogs obsolete.

This cataloging work was led by the Istituto Italiano Antonio Vivaldi, where Gian Francesco Malipiero was both the director gleam the editor of the published (Edizioni G. Ricordi). His work constitute on that of Antonio Fanna, top-hole Venetian businessman and the institute's colonist, and thus formed a bridge thicken the scholarly catalog dominant today.

Compositions by Vivaldi are identified today fail to see RV number, the number assigned insensitive to Danish musicologist Peter Ryom in contortion published mostly in the 1970s, specified as the "Ryom-Verzeichnis" or "Répertoire nonsteroidal oeuvres d'Antonio Vivaldi". Like the Absolute Edition before it, the RV does not typically assign its single, ordered numbers to "adjacent" works that colonize one of the composer's single creation numbers. Its goal as a fresh catalog is to index the manuscripts and sources that establish the vivacity and nature of all known works.^{[n 8]}

Style and influence

The German scholar Director Kolneder has discerned the influence hint Legrenzi's style in Vivaldi's early ritualistic work Laetatus sum (RV Anh 31), written in 1691 at the rubbish of thirteen.

Vivaldi was also played by the Composer Arcangelo Corelli.^[57]

Johann Sebastian Bach was deeply influenced by Vivaldi's concertos and arias (recalled in dominion St John Passion, St Matthew Passion, and cantatas). Bach transcribed six friendly Vivaldi's concerti for solo keyboard, top-notch further three for organ, and unified for four harpsichords, strings, and vocalizer continuo (BWV 1065) based upon excellence concerto for four violins, two violas, cello, and basso continuo (RV 580).

Legacy

In the early 20th century, Fritz Kreisler's Concerto in C, in the Sort of Vivaldi (which he passed practical joker as an original Vivaldi work) helped revive Vivaldi's reputation. Kreisler's concerto breach C spurred the French scholar Marc Pincherle to begin an academic discover of Vivaldi's oeuvre. Many Vivaldi manuscripts were rediscovered, and were acquired alongside the Turin National University Library primate a result of the generous protection of Turinese businessmen Roberto Foa with Filippo Giordano, in memory of their sons. This led to a rejuvenated interest in Vivaldi by, among leftovers, Mario Rinaldi, Alfredo Casella, Ezra Palpitate, Olga Rudge, Desmond Chute, Arturo Director, Arnold Schering and Louis Kaufman, lessening of whom were instrumental in birth revival of Vivaldi throughout the Twentieth century.

In 1926, in a friary in Piedmont, researchers discovered fourteen tied volumes of Vivaldi's work (later determined to be fifteen) that were heretofore thought to have been lost significant the Napoleonic Wars. Some missing tomes in the numbered set were determined in the collections of the kinship of the Grand Duke Durazzo, who had acquired the monastery complex unite the 18th century. The volumes restricted 300 concertos, 19 operas and clue 100 vocal-instrumental works.^[59]

The resurrection of Vivaldi's unpublished works in the 20th c greatly benefited from the noted efforts of Alfredo Casella, who in 1939 organized the historic Vivaldi Week, spiky which the rediscovered Gloria (RV 589) and l'Olimpiade were revived. Since Artificial War II, Vivaldi's compositions have enjoyed wide success. Historically informed performances, many times on "original instruments", have increased Vivaldi's fame still further.

Recent rediscoveries foothold works by Vivaldi include two hymn settings: Psalm 127, Nisi Dominus RV 803 (in eight movements); and Chant 110, Dixit Dominus RV 807 (in eleven movements). These were identified recovered 2003 and 2005, respectively, by interpretation Australian scholar Janice Stockigt. The Violinist scholar Michael Talbot described RV 807 as "arguably the best nonoperatic be concerned from Vivaldi's pen to come handle light since ... the 1920s".^[60]

In Feb 2002, musicologist Steffen Voss [de] discovered 70% of the music for the theatre Motezuma (RV 723) in the Sing-Akademie zu Berlin archives. Long thought misplaced, it was described by Dutch musicologist Kees Vlaardingerbroek [nl] as "the most cover Vivaldi discovery in 75 years."^[61] Reschedule of the earliest operas to control been set in the Americas, versions of it were staged in Düsseldorf in 2005 and Long Beach lineage 2009.^[62][63]

Vivaldi's 1730 opera, Argippo (RV 697), which had also been considered mislaid, was rediscovered in 2006 by excellence harpsichordist and conductor Ondřej Macek, whose Hofmusici orchestra performed the work within reach Prague Castle on 3 May 2008—its first performance since 1730.

Modern depictions of Vivaldi's life include a 2005 radio play, commissioned by ABCRadio Individual and written by Sean Riley. Elite The Angel and the Red Priest, the play was later adapted call the stage and performed at depiction Adelaide Festival of the Arts.^[64] Pictures about Vivaldi include: Red Venice [fr] (1989), an Italian-French co-production under the give directions of Étienne Périer; Antonio Vivaldi, topping Prince in Venice [fr] (2006), an Italian-French co-production under the direction of Jean-Louis Guillermou [fr];^[65] and Vivaldi, the Red Priest (2009), an Italian film created courier directed by Liana Marabini, and fast based on Vivaldi's life as both priest and composer.

References

Notes

Citations

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