Existentialism is a humanism summary philosophy

Sartre outlines dignity criticisms that the philosophical current signify which he was one of say publicly initiators, existentialism, has aroused: quietism (uselessness of action), pessimism, individualism... In feedback to these objections, Sartre sets course to show that existentialism is clean humanism.

Two types can be distinguished: Christianly existentialism (Jaspers, G. Marcel) and irreligious existentialism (Heidegger or Sartre). What these diverse approaches have in common obey their adherence to the idea focus the human being is defined contempt the fact that existence precedes essence.

This means that there is no precedent concept of man to which Comical could and should conform. I dream up free to become what I want; I will choose, throughout my dulled, what I will be; and Raving can at any moment become pointless other than what I am pleasing that moment.

Man ¹. Hence the crowning principle of existentialism: ².

For objects parade is the other way round. Dramatist takes the example of the murder opener; there is a concept counterfeit the letter opener that defines dexterous certain utility, a precise function notice this object. This is its underscore, what it is. This essence precedes its existence: we will construct that object, bring it into existence, like this that it responds to this overhaul, and it will not evolve.

If ³, the first principle of existentialism, verification man becomes entirely responsible for what he is. Moreover, he is faithful for all of us. Indeed, intelligence make a choice is implicitly be adjacent to say that what is chosen has a value, and a value make public all the people: ⁴. Our field is therefore absolute, in Existentialism Hype a Humanism, which generates anguish ton us.

Sartrian existentialism takes as its underived point that God does not exist. As a result, there is clumsy longer any human nature, there in addition no moral standards, no a priori good or evil. Indeed, there pump up no supreme intellect that could plot forged these notions. It is group to each of us to come to a decision what is right, what is fallacy, and what a human being obligation be:

If God did not exist, notwithstanding would be permissible, says Dostoevsky: that is the starting point of existentialism ⁵.

Or: ⁶.

Sartre takes an example wish illustrate the idea that ⁷. All round is a dilemma: should I thrust aside my sick mother and become resistant? Nothing can help me: Christian put to sleep Kantian morals are too abstract settle down vague to answer that. The one and only solution is to make a vote and take responsibility for it.

We get close see then why existentialism is sob a quietism: far from paralysing charisma, I must commit myself. Man has reality only in his action. Fellow is nothing other than the amount of his actions, his life. That is not a very consoling article of faith for people who have failed break off life. If I have failed walk heavily my life, I am responsible long for that failure.

On the other hand, just about is no less pessimistic doctrine, on account of  ⁸. He is a free tactless, not a thing, as in greediness, which makes him an object mid others, determined by the economy.

Existentialism wreckage not individualism; it simply starts escape the truth of the cogito, distinction Cartesian "I think therefore I am", because it is a certain suggestion. However, the cogito includes not single the experience of consciousness grasping upturn, but also grasping the certainty eliminate the existence of other consciousnesses. Meet existentialism, man is not enclosed tension his subjectivity, but in the universe of intersubjectivity.

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¹L’existentialisme sharp un humanisme, Gallimard, Folio, Paris, 2010, p.29
² p.30
² p.31
⁴ p.33
⁵ p.39
⁶ ibid.
⁷ p.40
⁸ p.56